![]() ![]() In this example we have 2 servers connected to a switch, and the servers needs to connect to different VLANs. Example: 1 uplink trunked and 2 access ports with servers Step 3: Egress tag the VLAN ids on the uplink ports, to allow these VLAN packages to go out to from the switch. You may use egress translation to translate packets on a specific VLAN on a specific port, to another VLAN id. ![]() Egress - packets Exiting the switchĮgress traffic is the packets exiting your switch out of a port. In common VLAN setups, you do not need to egress translate, as usually the packet has already been translated to the right VLAN with ingress translation. Step 2: Ingress translate your client packages for the switch ports they are connected to. A very common usage is Ingress VLAN translation, where you use Ingress to set a VLAN id for all packets from a client or server attached to a switch port. This is the path of the packet: Other hardware ⇢ Ingress ⇢ (switching/routing) ⇢ Egress ⇢ Other hardware. What you change with ingress on a port, happens to the packet entering the port from the outside. Ingress is settings for packets going into your switch. Ingress - packets going Into the switch. You may then use ACLs to isolate the traffic. If you add an IP address to the interfaces, the MikroTik becomes a layer 3 router, and will route all traffic between the VLANs. If you use the switch only as layer 2, the traffic in the VLANs will be totally isolated from other traffic. These VLANs are necessary for internal operation and have lower precedence than user configured VLANs. For advanced configurations use one master-port within CRS switch chip for all ports, configure VLANs and isolate port groups with port isolation profile configuration." Dynamic reserved VLAN entries (VLAN4091 VLAN4090 VLAN4089 etc.) are created in CRS switch when switched port groups are added by setting new master-ports. "Multiple master-port configuration is designed as fast and simple port isolation solution, but it limits part of VLAN functionality supported by CRS switch-chip. Note that if you have Cisco equipment, they do not propagate ids 1006-4094 by VTP. VLANs ids starting with 2000, are usually safe to use. Ids 1002-1005 are still reserved for outdated technologies on many routers. Ids from 100-999 are commonly used by ISPs. Ids from 1-99 are often used on internal virtual networks. In VMware id 4095 is used for broadcasting to all VLANs. Cisco put all packets on id 1 as default. Off the 4 bytes, 12 bits are used to identify the id of the VLAN ranging from 0 to 4095. After having these 4 bytes added to the header, the packet is know known as being tagged - you might think of it as the tags added to your suitcase in the airport. 802.1Q VLANs work by adding 4 bytes to the header, thereby increasing the packet size from 1518 to 1522 bytes. In switches VLANs are widely used to separate the traffic, using three VLAN modes on the ports: Access, Trunk and Hybrid. In RouterOS v6.41 and later, the hardware off-loading to the switch chip is instead being handled by the bridge. In this configuration, all ports communicate through the switch chip. Setting a port as type None makes it a switch chip master port, and you may then set all the other ports to this port as a master port. You can reconfigure the ports to use switch/cpu as you please. The high end CCR devices, only use CPU as their focus is on routing and they have no switch chips. Some devices even has several switch chips. Most of the MikroTik devices can function both as a switch or as a router, either using the internal switch chip, using the CPU or a combination of the switch and CPU, to move packets. To move packets based on IP addresses, layer 3 is needed, and such a device is called a router. Switches work on the OSI Layer 2, which means that they don't know about IP addresses. ![]() #Mikrotik routeros image + gns fullIf you attach another device to a port, the new NIC will have another MAC address, and the switch will again send the packet to all ports, to learn where the correct MAC address is now, and after that it will again operate point-to-point between the relevant ports. All MikroTik devices work as a managed switch, and all devices include the full RouterOS feature set. ![]() When the switch has learned which MAC addresses responds to which ports, it will only send the packets for the correct ports and save internal bandwidth (on the backplane). By default a switch will send packets to all connected ports each time it receives a new packet. ![]()
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